Islam's first female notary ready to start
JOSEPH MAYTON
Published: May 01, 2008
CAIRO -- Almost two months after Amal Soliman became the gem child of Arab world feminists when she was appointed as the Islamic world's first female maazun (notary), the men in Egypt's Ministry of Justice still have not given their seal of approval.

Nevertheless, the latent women's groups across the region have taken her March appointment as a sign of optimism.

Soliman, 32, grabbed national and international headlines in late February when her successful application was made public. She beat out 10 other candidates, all men, for the position of Islamic notary, which authorizes her to conduct weddings, sign marriage certificates and authorize divorces.

With her degree in Islamic law from the University of Zagazig, in the Nile Delta, Soliman is qualified to take on the challenges, her supporters argue.

Indeed, the Egyptian Justice Minister Mamdouh Mari said in a statement: "Soliman's nomination depended on her abilities rather than on her gender."

But there are many critics. Islamic scholars, intellectuals and some citizens bemoan Soliman conducting weddings by arguing that a woman has unique limitations that get in the way of the job.

"At my mosque the sheik told us that a woman cannot do this job and that we should not go to a woman for our marriage," said Mahmoud Ibrahim, a supermarket employee in his late twenties.

Not saying he doesn't approve of the appointment, al-Azhar University's deputy director, Sheik Fawzi Zafzaf, argues there are restrictions for a woman in this profession.

"When a woman is menstruating she must not enter a mosque or read Koranic verses and that will affect her job, so for this reason we say it is not advisable to have a woman maazun," he said in a statement from his office.

Despite Zafzaf's statement, al-Azhar in fact has approved Soliman as a notary, saying that a woman can do the job. A statement from the world's leading Sunni institution did argue that during the menstruation period there needs to be an assistant to take over some duties.

Soliman has said that during such times she will conduct marriages in homes and wedding halls.

There are those who support Soliman breaking what had been a male dominated profession. Heba, an engaged university student, says she would be more than happy to have Soliman conduct the marriage.

"I see no problem with her doing what she does and those who argue that she can't, whether they are religious figures or not, are just trying to maintain an old social norm that needs to change," she argued. It is not known whether her fiancé agreed as he was unavailable for comment.

Although Soliman cannot officially work until the Ministry of Justice makes its decision, she said that people often come to her door in Qaniyat asking for her to conduct their marriage. "They don't even know that I can't work yet and they are coming," she said.

Despite the publicity she is being given, the mother of three does not want to be seen as the galvanizing symbol of women's activism in Egypt or the Islamic world for that matter.

"I am a mother first and don't want to be talked about as breaking barriers and changing the world," she told the Middle East Times, but was quick to point out her understanding of the situation. "But, at the same time I understand how I am important and will create more opportunities for women in my country."

She may not have a choice but to accept her new job which has connotations that she may not have discerned before her appointment. Muhammad Serag, a professor of Islamic studies at the American University in Cairo, said that the appointment of Soliman has broken 100 years of male tradition of marrying couples.

"The maazun has been around for about 100 years when the Ottoman Empire wanted to take power away from the growing religious leaders, and now Soliman has come into a profession that until February was entirely run by men," the professor said.

He said that it will take time before people fully accept Soliman in the role, but as with young Egyptians, such as Heba, comfortably consenting to a woman marrying couples, Soliman's route to the post may not be far off.

"I am sure the Ministry of Justice will give her the okay in the near future and then we will really see that this controversy was among religious leaders and scholars, because Egyptians will undoubtedly ask her to marry them," Serag said.

Soliman agreed, saying that if she were living in Cairo it would be easier: "I think in the coming years more women will be able to do this job. I also know that if I were in Cairo people would have no problem with me working, because it is a more open place than here in the countryside."

The ministry could approve her to work any day, but it could take years before she actually gets to marry that first couple, she says. Bureaucracy in Egypt can be fickle.

"I could get the go ahead tomorrow or months from now," Soliman said. "It all just depends on them [Ministry of Justice]."